Among the 6 nonintubated patients, all were given steroid treatment with or without an immunosuppressant drug, and all survived. In our reported case, plasma exchange appeared to help resolve the pulmonary hemorrhage PARP signaling and crescentic glomerulonephritis that were associated with HSP.

Conclusions: For pediatric HSP patients with pulmonary hemorrhage but no respiratory failure, methylprednisolone pulse or nonpulse therapy could be the first-line therapy. In the presence of

respiratory failure, cyclophosphamide pulse therapy is suggested. Plasma exchange may be considered for treatment of pulmonary renal syndrome or refractory pulmonary hemorrhage. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Semin Arthritis Rheum 41:305-312″
“Pituitary aspergillosis AC220 is a very rare disease, documented in only 12 cases. Although seen in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, serious invasive sequelae, such as meningoencephalitis and death, have been noted in immunocompromised patients. Immunocompromised patients are susceptible and require complex multidisciplinary care to contain the spread of infection and maximize outcomes. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, of pituitary aspergillosis in the setting of an organ transplant. A 68-year-old woman presented with cephalgia, left temporal hemianopsia, and ptosis. Non-contrast

magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a sellar mass, which was believed to be a benign pituitary adenoma. She underwent trans-sphenoidal resection, and subsequent histopathologic examination

showed aspergillosis. Flavopiridol price She was subsequently started on voriconazole. On postoperative day 3, she developed a left anterior cerebral artery ischemic stroke, likely from Aspergillus angioinvasion and occlusion. Her mental status declined further and she died when care was withdrawn.”
“This study investigated the immunoadjuvant effects of three types of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) on the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine under two immunization strategies. The genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli O(2), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis FQ68, and synthetic CpG ODN were used as adjuvants, and their effects on the AIV oil emulsion vaccine were examined in chickens. The results indicated that when administered separately from the vaccine, adjuvants induced lower haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres and serum IgG titres but resulted in higher concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-10. In contrast, when combined with the oil emulsion vaccine prior to inoculation, CpG ODN induced higher HI, IgG titres and IFN-gamma concentration but resulted in lower IL-10 concentration.