The here presented combination of a fluorescent blue and a phosphorescent red emitter simultaneously allows for a strong blue emission and efficient triplet transfer to the phosphor. The spectrum is extended in the green and yellow region by a full phosphorescent unit stacked on top of the triplet harvesting device. This superposition of four different emitters results in color coordinates close to illuminant A and a color rendering index of 80. Furthermore, color stability is given with respect to varying driving conditions and

estimations JAK inhibitor of the electrical and optical efficiencies are provided. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3516481]“
“Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy induces deleterious effects on the skeleton in

kidney transplantation but studies of GC discontinuation in this population are limited. This study evaluated changes in areal bone mineral density (BMD) with GC withdrawal. find more Subjects were enrolled one yr after renal transplantation and randomized to continue or stop prednisone; all subjects continued cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at enrollment and repeated at one yr and values were standardized. Mean +/- standard deviation of annualized change in standardized BMD between GC withdrawal vs. continuation group at the lumbar spine was +4.7% +/- 5.5 vs. +0.9% +/- 5.3 (p = 0.0014); total hip +2.4% +/- 4.2 vs. -0.4% +/- 4.2 (p = 0.013), and femoral neck +2.1% +/- 4.6 vs. +1.0% +/-

6.0 (p = 0.37). learn more There was no confounding by prednisone dose prior to enrollment, change in creatinine clearance, weight, or use of bone-active medications following study entry. Multivariate analysis determined that the change in BMD was positively associated with baseline alkaline phosphatase and creatinine clearance and negatively associated with baseline BMD. BMD improves with GC withdrawal after renal transplantation, and this gain in BMD is dependent on the baseline bone turnover, renal function, and BMD.”
“Bacterial adhesion is the initial step in colonization and biofilm formation. Biofilms can, on the one hand, be detrimental to both human life and industrial processes, for example, causing infection, pathogen contamination, and slime formation, while on the other hand, be beneficial in environmental technologies and bioprocesses. For control and utilization of bacterial adhesion and biofilms, adhesion mechanisms must be elucidated. Conventional physicochemical approaches based on Lifshitz-van der Waals, electrostatic and acid-base interactions provide important models of bacterial adhesion but have a limited capacity to provide a complete understanding of the complex adhesion process of real bacterial cells. In conventional approaches, bacterial cells, whose surfaces are structurally and chemically heterogeneous, are often described from the viewpoint of their overall cellular properties.