, 2004). Additional characteristics, including the frequency and duration of previous quit attempts, can also provide clinically useful information about smoking motivation. Thus, exploring whether anhedonia is associated with smoking dependence motives and previous cessation patterns may clarify selleck chem Palbociclib how and why anhedonia is linked with poor cessation outcomes. To that end, the current study examined the association between anhedonia (as measured by the SHAPS) and baseline smoking characteristics, spanning constructs relevant to smoking heaviness, quitting history, and smoking dependence motivation. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that anhedonia would not be associated with smoking heaviness or FTND scores but would be linked to lower success of previous cessation attempts.

We did not make any hypotheses regarding the association between anhedonia and WISDM-68 dimensions due to the paucity of extant research in this area. We also evaluated whether anhedonia moderated the effect of experimentally manipulated 12-hr tobacco deprivation on dimensions of smoking urges. Previous evidence indicates that anhedonia predicts deprivation-induced changes in positive but not NA (Cook et al., 2004). Therefore, we hypothesized that anhedonia would predict greater deprivation-induced changes in appetitive smoking urges but would not associate with deprivation-induced changes in aversive smoking urges. Methods Participants Participants were 212 current smokers enrolled at the University of Houston recruited to participate in a larger study on the cognitive effects of acute tobacco deprivation (Leventhal, Waters, et al.

, 2008). The sample was predominately female (66.7%), with an average age of 24.3 years (SD = 6.4; range 18�C57); 9.2% self-identified as African American, 15.5% as Asian or Pacific Islander, 66.2% as Caucasian, 6.8% as Hispanic, and 3.4% as Middle Eastern. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) report normal or corrected-to-normal vision, (b) 18+ years of age, and (c) report smoking 5+ cigarettes/day on average for the past 2 years. Individuals were excluded if they could read or speak Chinese (one of the cognitive tasks in the larger study required participants to rate Chinese ideographs intended to be novel). Smokers were excluded if they (a) planned to quit in the next 30 days, (b) were currently cutting down substantially, or (c) were currently using some GSK-3 form of nicotine replacement therapy. Participants received a $15 voucher redeemable at a department store and course credit for completing the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and the University of Houston.