5 mmol/L), KCl (150 mmol/L) or with the pH adjusted to 7.4. Homogenates were centrifuged at 4000 g for 20 min at 4��C, and clear supernatant collected for estimation of lipid peroxidation levels i.e., TBARS,[12] GSH,[13] GST,[14] Protein carbonyls,[15] testicular LDH (kit procured from SRL Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.), Epididymal sperm count,[16] Zn and Cu[17] and lead and cadmium[18] and protein levels[19] using serum bovine albumin as the standard. Histopathology of testis was done by standard procedure.[20] The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 10.00) and results were expressed as mean �� standard error. RESULTS The concentration of GSH (�� moles/mg protein) and the activity of GST (�� moles/min/mg protein) in testis revealed a significant (P < 0.
05) decrease in toxic control groups 3, 4 and 5 as compared to groups 1 and 2 and the lowest concentration of GSH (significantly 5% level) and GST (non significant at 5% level) were found in the combination group 5, which was significantly (P < 0.05) different when compared to groups 3 and 4. The GSH and GST concentrations in NAC treated groups 6, 7 and 8 showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase as comparable to the toxic control groups and it was comparable to groups 1 and 2. The concentrations of TBARS (n moles of MDA released/mg protein) and protein carbonyls (n moles/mg protein) in testis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in toxic control groups 3, 4 and 5 as compared to groups 1 and 2 and the highest concentration of TBARS (non significant at 5% level) and protein carbonyls (significant at 5% level) were found in combination group 5, when compared to groups 3 and 4.
The TBARS and protein carbonyls concentrations in NAC treated groups 6, 7 and 8 showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease as compared to that of toxic control groups and were comparable to groups 1 and 2 [depicted in Table 1]. Table 1 Concentrations of oxidative biomarkers, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in different groups of rats The activity of LDH (IU/L) in testis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in toxic control group 3, 4 and 5 as compared to groups 1 and 2 and the highest concentration was found in combination group 5, which was significantly (P < 0.05) different when compared to groups 3 and 4. The LDH activity in NAC treated groups 6, 7 and 8 showed a significant (P < 0.
05) decrease in the activity as compared to that of toxic control groups. The weight of testes (g) and the Epididymal sperm count (million/ml) of testis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the toxic control groups 3, 4 and 5 as compared to groups 1 and 2. The testicular weight in NAC treated groups 6, 7 and 8 Entinostat showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement as compared to that of toxic control groups. The concentration of Zn and Cu (ppm) in the testis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the toxic control groups 3, 4 and 5 as compared to groups 1 and 2.