Although annual capacity had reached nearly 900 million doses in 2009 [3], this still falls alarmingly short of 13.4 billion pandemic doses, should two doses be required to elicit immunity in the entire world population within six months of a pandemic alert. Moreover, in 2006, 90% of influenza vaccine production was located in nine countries (largely in Europe and North America) that represented only 10% of the global population. Other countries, notably those in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, could witness
a staggering death toll and a severe strain on their health services while waiting for producing countries and regions to have vaccinated their own populations. this website In May 2007, the Sixtieth World Health Assembly, noting the objectives and strategies of the GAP, requested the Secretariat in resolution WHA60.28 to seek ways to ensure the equitable sharing of benefits of influenza vaccine R&D, including the development of capacity for influenza vaccine production in developing countries. Indeed, domestic or regional production was considered one of the most effective strategies for vulnerable countries and regions to have access to an influenza vaccine in
the event of a pandemic. The general consensus to increase global access to drugs, vaccines and diagnostics was significantly promoted through adoption of the global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property (GSPA-PHI) by the Sixty-first World Health Assembly in May 2008 BLZ945 (resolution WHA61.21). Two elements highlighted by the GSPA-PHI were the need to build and improve capacity in developing countries, and to facilitate the transfer of health-related technologies. The GSPA-PHI thus provided further legitimacy to the WHO strategy of enhancing influenza vaccine production through technology transfer to developing countries. Progress by WHO, its global partners and developing countries towards this strategy oxyclozanide is the focus of this special edition of Vaccine. In 2007, WHO embarked on an ambitious initiative to increase the capacity for influenza vaccine production in developing countries. To date, more than
US$ 25 million have been awarded to 11 developing country manufacturers to establish or enhance this capacity. Grants have also enabled the establishment of a centre of excellence for training and transfer of influenza vaccine production technologies to new manufacturers. In addition, WHO has negotiated a non-exclusive licence for a live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) technology. A summary of the rationale behind the choice of the technologies and the selection process for the awards under the aegis of the WHO influenza vaccine technology transfer initiative is provided in this Section. In order to assist developing country vaccine manufacturers to identify technologies most suited to their needs, WHO commissioned in 2006 a review of the technologies used to produce the currently registered influenza vaccines [4].