Figure 4 TEM micrograph of a NP from sample 1 h. The continuous V profile demonstrates that V atoms are surrounding NU7026 the ZnO NP and no V diffusion into the

NP is observed. Magnetic σ(H) loops for all 1-h milled samples are shown in Figure 5a. Sample 1 h has a very strong paramagnetic component that only can be attributed to V2O3 formation, which has a paramagnetic susceptibility equal to 13.184?×?10−6 cm3/gr which is larger than that of V2O5, Χ V2O5?=?0.703?×?10−6 cm3/gr. It is possible that V ions were reduced through the reaction V+5?+?2e −?→?V+3 where the electrons can be taken from the free electron pairs of oxygen from air, representing a chemical potential for this reaction. The spin-only magnetic moment of V+3 is 2.83 μB/ion, while V+5 should be completely diamagnetic. Sample 1 h.Et has a weak paramagnetic component attributed to the lack of reduction of V+5 ions (absence of oxygen surrounding V2O5 NPs); by XRD, we only detect V2O5. These PF-4708671 clinical trial paramagnetic-diamagnetic components for samples 1 h and 1 h.Et are

consistent with the previous explanation from XRD patterns, where almost all V2O5 is transformed in very small V2O3 NPs for sample 1 h with high paramagnetic susceptibility, while sample 1 h.Et (less aggressive milling) has a significant amount of V2O5, reducing the value of the paramagnetic slope in Figure 5b. Figure 5 Magnetization loops performed at room Z-VAD-FMK solubility dmso temperature showing paramagnetic and ferromagnetic components. (a) Specific magnetization loops σ(H) for all ZnO-V2O5 samples after subtracting the diamagnetic component from the container. A strong paramagnetic component appears on samples 1 h, 1 h.Cal, Verteporfin concentration and 1 h.Et.Cal which is attributed to the formation

of V2O3 on sample 1 h, and secondary phases containing V+3 ions on samples 1 h.Cal and 1 h.Et.Cal. The arrows show how the paramagnetic component changes after TT. (b) Ferromagnetic components produced by V+5, +3 ions and VO near the surface of the ZnO NPs to form BMPs. Samples with TT have a reduction of the O/Zn ratio as a consequence of the creation of VO; these ratios are semiqualitative as EDS is not a completely quantitative technique. There is also a reduction of the V concentration as a consequence of V2O5 evaporation. Secondary phase formation containing V+3 ions for samples with TT is also supported by the high positive susceptibility measured on samples; the arrows in Figure 5a indicate the direction in which the susceptibility from samples 1 h and 1 h.Et has changed after TT, supporting the idea that γ-Zn3(VO4)2 and ZnV2O4 are formed during TT and/or cooling and not during milling. A combination of diamagnetic susceptibility from ZnO and paramagnetic susceptibility from γ-Zn3(VO4)2 and ZnV2O4 contributes to the approached value (arrows in Figure 5a). The paramagnetic change is stronger on sample 1 h.Et.