Genotyping of the RafTR transgene were performed Decitabine chemical structure using the primers (RafTR: 5′-GCAGCCCACACTGAGGATA-3′, 5′-AAGGACAAGGCAGGGCTATT-3′, hRaf1: 5′-ACCCATTCAGTTTCCAGTCG-3′, 5′-GCTACCAGCCTCTTCATTGC-3′). For details of tamoxifen injections and Evans blue injections, see Supplemental Experimental Procedures. All animal work was carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the Home Office. For antibody, immunofluorescence and western blotting details see Supplemental Experimental Procedures. See Supplemental Experimental

Procedures. The microarray analysis described previously in Parrinello et al. (2008) analyzed changes in RNA levels in NSRafER cells following 24 hr of Raf activation. Genes associated with distinct processes likely to be involved in nerve repair were identified using a combination of DAVID analysis (Huang et al., 2009) and manual identification. Relevant genes are expressed in Table 1. Fold change represents the level of induction following Raf activation compared to cells treated with control solvent and the associated p value is shown. See Supplemental Experimental Procedures. Male mice (n = 10) were tested using the accelerating Rotarod. Rotarod buy Volasertib speed was increased

from 5 to 50 rpm over a 5 min period and the latency to fall was recorded. Twenty-four hours prior to each recording

mice were subjected to 3 training trials, with a 20 min interval, in order to familiarize them with the procedure. During testing, three trials were recorded at each time point for each mouse. Sciatic nerves were fixed with Oxymatrine 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M phosphate buffer O/N at 4°C, postfixed in osmium tetroxide for 1.5 hr at 4°C and then in 2% uranyl acetate for 45 min at 4°C. Nerves were then dehydrated in an ethanol series before embedding in epoxy resin. Semithin sections were cut with a glass knife at 0.3 μm and stained with 1% toluidine blue in 2% borax at 75°C for 2 min. Ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife at 70 nm, collected onto formvar coated slot grids and then visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The data are represented as mean values plus/minus standard error of the mean. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis and p values considered significant were indicated by asterisks as follows: ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. This work was supported by a project grant from the AICR and by a programme grant from CRUK. A.W. was supported by a Programme Grant to K.R. Jessen and R. Mirsky from the Wellcome Trust. I.N. was partly supported by an EMBO fellowship. We would like to thank Steven Scherer and John Bermingham, Jr.