Methods: 34 human hepatocyte chimeric mice were allocated into five

experimental groups. 15 mice were PD-0332991 ic50 infected with HBV, 13 were infected with HCV, and 6 were used as an uninfected control group. Mice were inoculated via the tail vein with human serum containing HBV or HCV genotype 1b particles. 5 HBV-infected mice and 5 HCVinfected mice were sacrificed 10 days after infection, whereas the remaining 18 mice were sacrificed 8 weeks after infection. Human hepatocytes were extracted from mouse livers and analyzed using Toray 3D-Gene Human Oigo chip 25k microarray. Results: Pairwise comparisons revealed a number of short and long-term differences in gene expression in response to HBV and HCV infection. Fuzzy c-means cluster analysis was used to identify patterns in gene expression among the experimental groups, and gene set enrichment analysis was used to characterize clusters based on enrichment of gene ontology terms and Reactome pathways. Response of interferon stimulated genes was faster in HCV infection than in HBV infection, whereas HBV infection resulted in stronger and more sustained induction of acute phase genes (CRP, SAA1, SAA2). Distinct patterns of gene expression were detected using fuzzy c-means clustering, and each cluster was significantly associated with one or more Reactome pathways involving, e. g., innate and

adaptive immune responses, cytokine JQ1 cost signaling, cholesterol biosynthesis, signal transduction, and cell cycle regulation. Conclusions: Analysis

of early and late changes in gene expression following HBV versus HCV infection revealed diverging patterns of immune response. Better understanding of differences in the molecular pathogenesis of inflammation in HBV versus HCV infection may help to reduce immune-mediated liver damage and improve response to therapy. Disclosures: Kazuaki Chayama – Consulting: Abbvie; Grant/Research Support: Dainippon Sumitomo, Chugai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, DaIICHI SANKYO, Toray, BMS, MSD; Speaking and Teaching: Chugai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, DAIICHI SANKYO, KYORIN, Nihon Medi-Physics, BMS, Dainippon Sumitomo, MSD, ASKA, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Olympus, GlaxoSmithKline, ZERIA, Bayer, Minophagen, JANSSEN, JIMRO, TSUMURA, Otsuka, Taiho, Nippon Kayaku, Nippon Shinyaku, Takeda, AJINOMOTO, Meiji Seika, Toray The following people Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II have nothing to disclose: C. Nelson Hayes, Sakura Akamatsu, Masataka Tsuge, Daiki Miki, Nobuhiko Hiraga, Hiromi Abe, Michio Imamura, Shoichi Takahashi, Hidenori Ochi Background and Aim: Expression levels of interferon stimulated genes negatively correlate with the rate of sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peg-IFN and ribavirin. In this study we investigated whether gene expression profiles in pre-treatment liver biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were associated with treatment outcome.