(PACE 2010; 33:754-762)”
“Mesoporous SBA-15 was synthesized under acidic condition at 40 degrees C with a non-ionic triblock copolymer (P123) as the template. The synthesis gel composition used was 1 SiO(2):0.017 P123:2.9 HCl:202.6 H(2)O. Functionalization of SBA-15 with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) by post-synthesis method was performed under reflux for 2 h. The mesoporous samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They were then utilized

as supports for the immobilization of lipase to be subsequently used for the esterification of citronellol Ipatasertib and lauric acid. Leaching and reusability

tests were also conducted on the immobilized enzymes. Functionalization www.selleckchem.com/products/r428.html resulted in about 10% improvement in enzyme loading, leading to higher activity. The immobilized enzyme was also more stable to low pH and high temperature while showing better retention (up to 95%) of enzyme molecules. Immobilized lipase maintained 90% of its esterification activity in non-aqueous system even after 4 cycles of use. The improvements were associated with enhanced surface hydrophobicity, changes in pore shapes and stronger enzyme-support interactions with minimal effects to the enzymatic activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The present work elucidates the series of magnetic phase transitions present in the series of spinel compounds Li-x[Mn1.96Li0.04]O-4 (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5,

0.6, 0.8, 1.0). These systems display dynamical scaling originating from the presence of magnetic clusters that form below similar to 70 K. This scaling is similar to what has been observed in the 122 quantum critical PRIMA-1MET ic50 point materials containing intrinsic disorder. We study this system using ac susceptibility in order to understand how disorder leads to fragmentation of the magnetic lattice. The Li doped system’s antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering sets in below similar to 70 K; however, for x=1 this ordering is limited to clusters of Mn4+ ions that are weakly coupled to each other. For the intermediate Li concentrations we observe the formation of individual spin clusters consistent with neutron scattering experiments and we find evidence for the coaligning of these clusters for T less than or similar to 20 K. A maximum in the peak of the susceptibility versus Li content between x=0.5 and x=0.35 indicates a crossover from a regime dominated by the cluster dynamics to one in which the long-range order of the delithiated lambda-MnO2 phase begins to emerge. We discuss the magnetic phase diagram pertaining to short-range order in relationship to the dynamic response of these systems as measured by inelastic neutron scattering experiments. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.