Spinal motion and stiffness were not altered by pretensioning; however, pretensioning increased the torque required for screw extraction.”
“Nutrient profiling is defined as the science of ranking or categorizing foods on the basis of their nutritional composition. Validity is a general term meaning accuracy. Nutrient profiling systems in the United States have not undergone any systematic validation effort to assess their accuracy
against a comparison measure or group of measures. Different types of validation studies should be conducted: content, face, convergent, criterion, and predictive. This article provides a conceptual framework for establishing the validity of nutrient profiling Rigosertib chemical structure systems with the desired objective of assisting US consumers with food selection to improve diet quality. For a profiling system to work successfully in the American marketplace, it must function well with consumers from most or all cultural groups, from all GW 572016 racial groups, and with low-literate as well as highly literate people. Emphasis should be placed
on conducting different types of validation studies and multiple studies with different subpopulation groups. The use of consistent standards to assess the accuracy and usefulness of multiple profiling systems is imperative to successfully identify a nutrient profiling intervention that will have the potential to lead to improved diet quality and eventually to an improved health status in US consumers. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1109S-15S.”
“Protective Selleckchem SBE-β-CD antigen (PA) from Bacillus anthracis binds to cellular receptors, combines with lethal factor (LF) forming lethal toxin (LeTx), and facilitates
the translocation of LF into the cytosol. LeTx is cytotoxic for J774A.1 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, and causes death of Fisher 344 rats when injected intravenously. PA is also the major protective component in anthrax vaccines. Antibody-dependent enhancement has been reported for several viral diseases, a bacterial infection, and for B. anthracis LeTx in vitro cytotoxicity. Further screening of our 73 PA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identified a total of 17 PA mAbs that enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity at suboptimal concentrations of LeTx. A competitive binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that these 17 PA mAbs identified eight different antigenic regions on PA. Eight of the 17 PA mAbs that enhanced LeTx in vitro cytoxicity were examined for their activity in vivo. Of the eight mAbs that were injected intravenously with a sublethal concentration of LeTx into male Fisher 344 rats, four mAbs enhanced the lethality of LeTx and resulted in the death of animals, whereas control animals did not succumb to intoxication. This is the first demonstration that PA mAbs can enhance LeTx intoxication in vivo.”
“Study Design. A silicone material was evaluated as an intervertebral disc thermal phantom.