The presence of peak-halo at angles near 20 = 18 degrees were attributed to a paraelectric phase localized in the interfacial domains check details at the crystal-amorphous phase boundaries. Similar peak-halos for vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymers crystallizing into the nonpolar alpha phase were associated with the presence of an antiferroelectric phase formed by the chains in the planar zigzag conformation. The temperature range where dielectric

anomalies were detected was characterized by conformational changes at which the decrease in planar zigzag conformation isomers took place. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 695-707, 2010″
“A double haploid (DH) population, which consists of 120 lines derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica hybrid ‘CJ06′/’TN1′, click here was used to investigate the genetic basis for rice leaffolder resistance.

Using a constructed molecular linkage map, five QTLs for rolled leaves were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8. The positive alleles from CJ06 on chromosomes 3, 4, and 8 increased the resistance to rice leaffolder, and the alleles from TN1 on chromosomes 1 and 2 also enhanced resistance to leaffolder. The interactions between QTLs were identified and tested, and four conditional interactions were acquired for resistance to rice leaffolder. These loci were located on chromosomes 2, 9, 10, and 11, respectively. QTL pyramiding indicated that the positive alleles

affect resistance to leaffolder. The prospective application of this data in rice breeding was also discussed.”
“We describe a new program for the alignment of multiple biological sequences that is both statistically motivated and fast enough for problem sizes that arise in practice. Our Fast Statistical Alignment program is based on pair hidden Markov models which approximate an insertion/deletion process on a tree and uses a sequence annealing this website algorithm to combine the posterior probabilities estimated from these models into a multiple alignment. FSA uses its explicit statistical model to produce multiple alignments which are accompanied by estimates of the alignment accuracy and uncertainty for every column and character of the alignment-previously available only with alignment programs which use computationally-expensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo approaches-yet can align thousands of long sequences. Moreover, FSA utilizes an unsupervised query-specific learning procedure for parameter estimation which leads to improved accuracy on benchmark reference alignments in comparison to existing programs. The centroid alignment approach taken by FSA, in combination with its learning procedure, drastically reduces the amount of false-positive alignment on biological data in comparison to that given by other methods.