There is also evidence that the gut microbiota is intricately linked to Akt inhibitor obesity and metabolic syndrome, and can perpetuate insulin-resistance and chronic inflammation [69–71], all of which have been previously implicated with colon cancer [42, 72–75]. Lastly, it is intriguing to consider that the modulation of gut microbial composition

through the consumption of probiotics and/or fermented milk products has been shown to reduce inflammation and protect against cancer [76–78]. Therefore, investigating the possible interaction between various gut micro-organisms and dietary precursors with respect to GTA metabolism is highly justified. In summary, our findings collectively suggest a mechanism whereby the www.selleckchem.com/ATM.html age-related decline in GTAs in a subset of the general population results in an impaired ability to control chronic inflammation, which over time may lead to oncogenic cellular changes. The measurement of GTAs may therefore represent an opportunity for the early identification of subjects with elevated inflammatory status and subsequent risk of CRC. Acknowledgements We acknowledge Dr. Paul Wood and Alix Hayden for careful review of the manuscript. References 1. Schwab JM, Chiang N, Arita M, Serhan CN: Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution

programmes. Nature 2007, 447:869–874.PubMedCrossRef 2. Serhan CN: Novel Chlormezanone chemical mediators in the resolution of inflammation: resolvins and protectins. Anesthesiol Clin 2006, 24:341–364.PubMedCrossRef 3. Schwab JM, Serhan CN: Lipoxins and new lipid mediators in the resolution of inflammation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2006,

6:414–420.PubMedCrossRef 4. Hong S, Lee HJ, Kim SJ, Hahm KB: Connection between inflammation and carcinogenesis in gastrointestinal tract: focus on TGF-beta signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2010, 16:2080–2093.PubMedCrossRef 5. Demaria S, Pikarsky E, Karin M, Coussens LM, Chen YC, El-Omar EM, Trinchieri G, Dubinett SM, Mao JT, Szabo E, Krieg A, Weiner GJ, Fox BA, Coukos G, Wang E, Abraham RT, Carbone M, Lotze MT: Cancer and inflammation: promise for biologic therapy. J Immunother 2010, 33:335–351.PubMedCrossRef 6. Senthil K, Aranganathan S, Nalini N: Evidence of oxidative stress in the circulation of KU-57788 ovarian cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2004, 339:27–32.PubMedCrossRef 7. Itzkowitz SH, Yio X: Inflammation and cancer IV. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004, 287:G7–17.PubMedCrossRef 8. Das UN: Folic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids improve cognitive function and prevent depression, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease–but how and why? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008, 78:11–19.PubMedCrossRef 9.