These transformed phases mostly extend along the < 110 > slip direction of germanium. (3) The thinnest depth of deformed layers after unloading was obtained in VX-689 supplier nanoindentation on the (111) germanium surface, and the depth distribution is also more compact than that of the other two surfaces from the side cross-sectional views after indentation. The recovery of Selleckchem AZD0530 nanoindentation on the (010) germanium plane is greater
than that on the (101) and (111) planes. Acknowledgements The authors appreciate the supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 90923038), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, grant no. 2011CB706703), and the ‘111’ project by the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs and the Ministry of Education of China (grant no. B07014). References 1. Pharr GM, Oliver WC, Cook RF, Kirchner PD, Kroll MC, Dinger TR, Clarke DR: Electrical resistance of metallic contacts on silicon and germanium during indentation. J Mater Res 1992, 7:961–972.CrossRef 2. Kailer A, Gogotsi YG, Nickel KG: Phase transformations of silicon caused by contact loading. J Appl Phys 1997, 81:3057–3063.CrossRef 3. Jian SR, Chen GJ, Juang JY: Nanoindentation-induced selleck phase transformation in (1 1 0)-oriented Si single-crystals. Curr Opin
Solid St M 2010, 14:69–74.CrossRef 4. Jang J, Lance MJ, Wen SQ, Tsui TY, Pharr GM: Indentation-induced phase transformations in silicon: influences of load, rate and indenter angle on the transformation behavior. Acta Mater 2005, 53:1759–1770.CrossRef 5. Jian SR: Mechanical deformation induced in Si and GaN under Berkovich nanoindentation.
Nanoscale Res Lett 2008, 3:6–13.CrossRef 6. Kailer A, Nixkel XG, Gogotsi TG: Raman microspectroscopy of nanocrystalline and amorphous phases in hardness indentations. J Raman Spectrosc 1999, 30:939–946.CrossRef 7. Kim DE, Oh SI: Atomistic simulation of structural phase transformations in monocrystalline silicon induced by nanoindentation. Nanotechnology 2006, 17:2259–2265.CrossRef 8. Cheong WCD, Zhang LC: Molecular dynamics simulation of phase transformations in silicon monocrystals due to nano-indentation. Nanotechnology 2000, 11:173–180.CrossRef 9. Lin YH, Jian SR, Lai YS, Yang PF: Molecular dynamics simulation Bortezomib of nanoindentation-induced mechanical deformation and phase transformation in monocrystalline silicon. Nanoscale Res Lett 2008, 3:71–75.CrossRef 10. Sanz-Navarro CF, Kenny SD, Smith R: Atomistic simulations of structural transformations of silicon surfaces under nanoindentation. Nanotechnology 2004, 15:692–697.CrossRef 11. Tang QH, Chen FH: MD simulation of phase transformations due to nanoscale cutting on silicon monocrystals with diamond tip. J Phys D Appl Phys 2006, 39:3674–3679.CrossRef 12. Bradby JE, Williams JS, Wong-Leung J, Swain MV, Munroe P: Nanoindentation-induced deformation of Ge. Appl Phys Lett 2002, 80:2651–2653.CrossRef 13.