We did not selleck catalog use one endobag in our series and had only an infection rate of 1%. These infections would have healed secondary, but because of a good cosmetic result, we decided to reoperate the patient. In addition, we could identify 31 patients with an incidential umbilical hernia. These hernias could be safely repaired within the standard closure of the fascia using a nonabsorbable suture. In conclusion, we could demonstrate for the first time that laparoscopic single-incision cholecystectomy as standard procedure is feasible and safe compared to conventional multiport technique. Beside scarless operation, one major advantage in comparison to NOTES is the treatment option for both genders and the use of conventional instruments. Results of long-term followup have to answer the theoretical increased risk of incisional hernia.

Therefore, controlled randomized studies are urgently required.
The Outerbridge-Kashiwagi procedure was first introduced by Outerbridge and popularized by Kashiwagi in 1978 to treat mild to moderate cubarthritis [3]. In this degenerative elbow condition, osteophytes form on the olecranon, coronoid, and in their concomitant fossae in the distal humerus [4]. These osteophytes impinge on each other, which then limits the hinging elbow motion and causes pain. To address this problem, Kashiwagi developed the technique of distal humeral fenestration through a direct and limited posterior approach to remove loose bodies and osteophytes in both the anterior and posterior compartments. Morrey modified the technique with a triceps-sparing approach in 1993 [5].

Elbow arthroscopy was first attempted on a cadaver in 1931 by Burman [6]. He claimed the procedure was ��unsafe,�� due to the proximity of the ulnar, median and radial nerves and the brachial artery. It wasn’t until 1980 that Ito introduced safe portals [1]. Since then, elbow arthroscopy increasingly gained importance and its effectiveness has improved for a wide variety of conditions. It is now used for the diagnosis of instability, removal of loose bodies, synovectomy, avascular necrosis, plica synovialis impingement, tennis elbow, radial head resection or osteosynthesis, capsulectomy in arthrofibrosis, and debridement of early cubarthritis [7, 8]. Redden and Stanley were the first to report satisfactory results with the arthroscopic Outerbridge-Kashiwagi procedure in 1993 [2].

4. Mini-Open Ulnohumeral Arthroplasty In the open technique, the elbow joint is opened through a small posterior incision from the olecranon GSK-3 tip upwards over 4 to 6 centimeter. To do this, the patient is installed in lateral decubitus with the arm resting on a Mayo support with a 300mmHg tourniquet. A direct posterior triceps splitting approach is used to open up the posterior elbow compartment. Then, using a 4mm burr, the olecranon fossa is perforated. The hole is then enlarged with Kerrison Rongeurs to a width of 10 to 15mm.