We found that SOCS1 levels were raised in Adv-PTB as compared to the Mod-PTB group. This is the first report showing an increase in SOCS1 with more severe TB infections. Reduced mycobacterial antigen-specific IFN-γ levels have been reported in patients with far advanced TB [47], and previous studies have shown a decrease in M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T-cell responses to be associated with cavitary disease [48]. Our data suggest that increasing SOCS1 mRNA expression levels in patients with Adv-PTB may result in down-modulation of Th1-type responses, hence contributing selleck screening library to the decreased mycobacterium-specific immunity observed in these patients. We observed that SOCS3 mRNA transcripts were
increased in T cells as compared with non-T cells in both TB and EC. However, we did not observe differences in the SOCS3 mRNA expression levels between TB and EC. Reports selleck compound have shown SOCS3 expression to be increased in T cells of patients with active TB as compared with individuals with latent disease but not as compared with un-infected healthy control subjects [26]. Therefore, our results are in concordance with previous data. Altogether, our study suggests that the expression of SOCS1 increases with the disease severity in TB. Upregulation of SOCS1 by M. tuberculosis
may be an effective strategy to counteract Th1-mediated IFN-γ responses and to increase disease pathology in the host. Thanks for help with patient recruitment to Dr. Nawal Salahuddin, Aga Khan University, Pakistan; to Muniba Islam for technical assistance; to Maqboola Dojki for administrative assistance. This study was supported by a SIDA Asia Link Program Grant, Swedish Research Council, and a University Research Council Grant, The Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
None declared. Conception ever and design: ZH and MR; Analysis and interpretation: ZH, MR, KI, MA, BC, RH, NR; Drafting the manuscript for important intellectual content: ZH, MR, KI, RH. “
“The altered expression of micro-RNA (miRNA) has been associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to establish specific miRNA expression patterns in the serum and mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (UC and CD with colonic involvement) at different stages of the disease. Serum and biopsies from nine active CD (aCD), nine inactive CD (iCD), nine active UC (aUC) and nine inactive UC (iUC) and serum from 33 healthy subjects were collected. Up to 700 miRNAs were evaluated by the TaqMan® human miRNA array. The ΔCt values were obtained using the mean expression values of all expressed miRNAs in a given sample as a normalization factor for miRNA real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction data. The levels of serum miRNAs in CD and UC patients were different to healthy subjects. Thirteen serum miRNAs were expressed commonly in CD and UC patients.