We investigated gene and protein expression of members of the angiopoietin system and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its receptors in 9 FNH samples, 13 HCA samples, and 9 histologically normal livers. In comparison with normal samples, a significant increase PF2341066 in Ang-1 was found in FNH (P < 0.01) and HCA (P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes in Ang-2, receptor tyrosine kinase

with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 2, VEGF-A, or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) were observed. Conclusion: Because of the different etiological contexts of a preceding vascular injury in FNH and a neoplastic growth in HCA, Ang-1 might exert different effects on the vasculature in these lesions. In FNH, it could predominantly stimulate recruitment of myofibroblasts and result in dystrophic vessels, whereas in HCA,

it may drive vascular remodeling that produces enlarged vessels and arterial sprouting that generates single arteries. Hepatology 2010 Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) are two hepatic nodular lesions predominantly occurring in otherwise healthy livers in women of reproductive age. FNH is a polyclonal lesion thought to develop as a regenerative Alectinib parenchymal reaction following a vascular injury.1-3 HCA is a monoclonal, benign neoplastic lesion that rarely transforms into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On the basis of a recent series of mutational analyses, HCAs are now being categorized into subtypes according to the genotypic variants, the phenotypes of which can be visualized at the protein level by immunohistochemistry.4, 5 Although FNH and HCA primarily represent hepatic parenchymal growth, both lesions contain a variety of vascular malformations that are in part morphologically similar. FNH is characterized by dystrophic, thick-walled vessels due to myointimal hyperplasia. Edoxaban These vessels are located in a centrally located star-shaped fibrous scar and its radiating septal extensions.

In the parenchyma of both FNH and HCA, dilated vessels and widened sinusoids can be encountered. Additionally, HCA contains haphazardly distributed single arteries, a feature that HCA shares with HCC. Single, with respect to arteries, denotes the absence of an accompanying bile duct and a location outside the context of a portal tract. The etiological background of these dysmorphic vascular features is as yet undetermined. Paradis et al.6, 7 found highly significant up-regulation of the angiogenic growth factor angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in FNH, but this was also seen in HCA and HCC in comparison with normal livers, although it was much less pronounced in comparison with FNH. In our previous study on the molecular identity of vascular remodeling in HCC,8 we also found up-regulation of Ang-1 in HCC of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic livers.