While the objectives of the review by Strippoli et al.17 Tamoxifen solubility dmso were to evaluate the benefits and harms of ACEi and ARBs in preventing the progression of CKD. Both reviews included studies of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and Strippoli et al.17 people with either microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. While the reviews included both type 1 and type 2 diabetes the majority of selected trials enrolled only people with type 2 diabetes. The overall conclusions of the two systematic reviews are summarized below: A significant reduction in the risk of developing microalbuminuria

in normoalbuminuric patients has been demonstrated for ACEi only. This effect appears to be independent of BP and, kidney BGB324 datasheet function and type of diabetes. However, there is insufficient data

to be confident that these factors are not important effects modifiers.16 In relation to type 2 diabetes the following outcomes are of note:16,17 All-cause mortality The relevant trials comparing ACEi treatment with ARB treatment all included people with type 2 diabetes and no significant differences on all cause mortality, progression of microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria or regression from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria were noted.17 However, as noted in the overall conclusion by the authors the trials were limited and provide insufficient evidence for comparison of effects. The objectives of the systematic review was to assess the RCT evidence for the effects of different therapeutic BP goals and interventions in the normotensive range on the decline of glomerular function.64 The search strategy was limited to studies of people with

2 years duration of type 1 or type 2 diabetes with incipient or overt nephropathy with or without elevated BP. The intervention was required to be treatment with one or more hypertensive agents. The review identified 5 RCTs meeting the search criteria. All of these studies have been identified and assessed.4,16,17 Only two studies that considered www.selleck.co.jp/products/cobimetinib-gdc-0973-rg7420.html the effect of BP targets within the normotensive range in people with type 2 diabetes were identified.70,73 Kaiser et al.64 considered GFR as surrogate endpoint in the absence of a renal failure endpoint such as need for dialysis and/or transplantation. The authors noted that no trial demonstrated any beneficial effect of lower target BP values on the progression of kidney failure. In short decreases in albuminuria were not accompanied by a decrease in the rate of decline in GFR. They conclude that the available evidence does not support a beneficial effect of BP lowering within the normotensive range on progression of diabetic nephropathy as assessed by the change in GFR. The systematic review and meta analysis pooled analyses from the number of small studies comparing combination treatment of ACEi + ARB with ACEi alone.77 A total of ten studies covering both type 1 and type 2 diabetes were included in the meta-analysis.