Case LDCs had secondary attack rates of shigellosis >= 2% (range, LY2835219 inhibitor 2%-25%) and control LDCs <= 2% (range, 0%-1.3%). We interviewed LDC staff and performed on-site inspections.

Thirty-one outbreak isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance. We interviewed physicians and reviewed health department outbreak-related treatment data.

Results: We enrolled 18 case and 21 control LDCs. LDCs with >= 1 sink in every room (odds ratio [OR]: 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.5) or a diapering station in every room (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.01-0.6) were less likely to be case-LDCs. Resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in 90% of the outbreak strains. Among 210 children treated

with antimicrobial agents, azithromycin was used in 92 (44%) while a fluoroquinolone was used in 11 (5%) children.

Conclusions: During a large daycare center-associated KPT-8602 clinical trial shigellosis outbreak, strains were highly resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Children MK 5108 were frequently treated with azithromycin and occasionally fluoroquinolones. Appropriate handwashing and diapering infrastructure are necessary to

minimize spread of shigellosis within daycare centers, and could reduce use of antimicrobial agents.”
“Dark-field inline electron holography and, for comparison, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate the distribution of indium in GaN-based commercial high-efficiency green light-emitting diodes consisting of InGaN multiquantum wells (QWs). Owing to the low electron doses used in inline holography measurements; this technique allows to map the indium distribution without introducing any noticeable electron beam-induced damage which is hardly avoidable in other quantitative transmission electron microscopy methods. Combining the large field of view with a spatial resolution better than 1 nm, we show that the InGaN QWs exhibit random alloy nature without any evidence of nanometer scale gross indium clustering in the whole active region. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.