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“Objective: To evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish alone, its combination with chlorhexidine-fluoride containing CX-6258 inhibitor dentifrice and fluoride varnish on oral hygiene and caries prevention in orthodontic patients.

Study design: Sixty patients, aged 12-18, with

orthodontic fixed appliances were randomly assigned into three groups as follows: Group 1 (n=20): 1% chlorhexidine and 1% thymol varnish (Cervitec (R) Plus); Group 2 (n=20): Cervitec (R) Plus+ 0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.2% sodium fluoride (900 ppm fluoride) (Cervitec (R) Gel)); and Group 3 (n=20): 0.1% fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector (R)). Mutans streptococci (MS), lactobacilli (LB) levels, buffering capacity (BC), visible plaque index (VPI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) scores were evaluated at four stages: T-0, before orthodontic bonding; T-1, one week after orthodontic bonding; T-2, one week; and T-3, four weeks after the first application, respectively. Inter and intra group comparisons were made by the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests

with Bonferroni step-down correction (P<0.017).

Results: Significantly lower MS and LB levels were found in Group 2 than Group 1 (T-2) and 3 (T-2, T-3) (P<0.017). Groups 1-2 (T-2) showed significantly higher BC (P<0.017) and lower VPI and GBI (P<0.017) scores compared with Group 3. Decreased MS levels at T-2 AZ 628 MAPK inhibitor (P<0.017) and T-3 (P>0.017) were found in Group1-2 compared with T-0. www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0994.html Significantly lower LB levels were recorded in Group 2 at T-2 compared with T0 (P<0.017) while no significant differences were

seen in Group 1 and 3 (P>0.017).

Conclusions: Addition of Cervitec (R) Plus+Cervitec (R) Gel combination to the standard oral hygiene regimen may be beneficial for orthodontic patients for maintaining oral health by reducing bacterial colonisation and gingivitis.”
“A bacterium identified as Arthrobacter sp. S1 by 16S rRNA was isolated from contaminated soil. This is the first reported study that Arthrobacter could utilize both alpha-halocarboxylix acid (alpha HA) [2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DCP) and D,L-2-chloropropionic acid (D,L-2-CP)] and beta-halocarboxylix acid (beta HA) [3-chloropropionic acid (3CP)] as sole source of carbon with cell doubling times of 5 +/- 0.2, 7 +/- 0.1, and 10 +/- 0.1 h, respectively. More than 85 % chloride ion released was detected in the growth medium suggesting the substrates used were utilized. To identify the presence of dehalogenase gene in the microorganism, a molecular tool that included the use of oligonucleotide primers specific to microorganisms that can grow in halogenated compounds was adapted. A partial putative dehalogenase gene was determined by direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified genomic DNA of the bacterium.