KH2 tests were used to investigate differences in stage, grade and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, among subgroups and over

time. Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of treatment modalities. Five-year survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods.

Results:

The distributions of age, SES and place of residence of PCCOD patients closely reflected those of the state-based prostate cancer population, with rural patients slightly underrepresented. Lower SES or rural residence was https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gkt137831.html not associated with higher stage, grade, PSA level or disease-specific survival. Treatment modalities varied with SES (for radical prostatectomy), rural residence (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and androgen ablation), age and clinical characteristics. There was a trend over time

towards a younger age at diagnosis and more favorable clinical profiles, consistent with earlier diagnosis. However, the current risk profile for this cohort is similar to that reported approximately a decade earlier in a US series.

Conclusion:

PCCOD patients have a broadly similar socio-demographic profile to prostate cancer patients selleck inhibitor statewide. Socioeconomic status is not associated with clinical characteristics at diagnosis, but does predict treatment type. The clinical characteristics of the cohort are consistent with a much later stage presentation than reported in current US case series.”
“Stoney’s equation allows one to calculate the internal stress in a thin film deposited on a thick substrate from the curvature of the bilayer beam. The curvature measurement is thus critical in the bending beam method, which is based on this equation. When an optical technique is used in curvature measurement, the refraction at optical boundaries

needs to be corrected. An approximate correction to Stoney’s equation accounting for refractive error in the bending beam method in electrochemical applications was reported previously. This paper revisits the derivation. A set of diagrams for optical paths in in situ curvature measurement using the laser beam deflection method are presented. These Selleckchem LY2835219 diagrams allow us to establish the triangular relationships among the incident angles of the light beam and the deflection angle of the cantilever beam. Correction solutions are derived for three possible optical arrangements with the consideration of the travel distance of the light beam in liquid and in the container wall. In its approximated form, the correction derived in this paper differs from the previous formula by a factor of 2. It was discovered that an incorrect relationship for curvature was used in the previous derivation.