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JHL and JYL. All authors read and approve the final manuscript.”
“Background Nanoparticles (NPs) offer spectacular properties to their bulk materials, such as a high surface area to volume ratio, new mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical, magnetic, electro-optical, and magneto-optical properties [1]. Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing areas of the high tech economy [2,3]. Products using nanoparticles – also known as nanomaterials (particle sizes less than 100 nm)-can be found in almost every area of our daily lives, from cosmetics to clothing MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit to foods to drug products [4-7]. There are hundreds of cosmetics that contain nanomaterials, such as ZnO, TiO2, and SiO2, in the market now and the number of these products are increasing rapidly [8]. Nanoscale materials can find use in many areas related to the food industry including agriculture, food processing, food security, packaging, nutrition and neutraceuticals [9-11]. Nanoscale materials have been used as novel antimicrobial agents [12]. Due to their powerful antimicrobial activity and particular modes of action, nanoparticles provide an attractive alternative to classic antibiotics in the development of next-generation antibiotic agents [13-15].