Such pharmacologic treatments are now commonly used on children (sometime extremely young) during long periods (2–5 years) with the rationale to maximize the impact on a growing skeleton. However, some concerns have been raised about the equivocal efficiency on the fracture reduction [4] and [5], the accumulation of those long life drugs

and the impact of inhibiting bone remodelling over long periods, which results in the build-up of poor quality, highly mineralized bone [1] and [6]. www.selleckchem.com/ATM.html It is recognized that the bone tissue is highly responsive to dynamic loading and is able to adapt its architecture and mass to the mechanical loading environment [7], [8] and [9]. Bone remodelling is sensitive to strain magnitude [10] and [11], frequency [12] and [13], number of loading cycles [14], strain rate [15] and rest periods between stimulation [16]. In addition to bone response to high peak strains [17] and [18], there is also evidence of bone adaptation at low strain but high frequency loading [9] and [19]. Because high strain exercises in patient suffering from OI may result in fracture, high frequency low amplitude whole body mechanical

vibration (WBV) is an attractive low-impact and drug-free approach to stimulate bone formation. The therapeutic impact of Selleck BTK inhibitor WBV treatment has been observed on muscle strength, motion, posture and bone density in various osteopenic populations: young women [20] and [21], post-menopausal women [22], [23], [24] and [25] or children with disabling conditions like cerebral palsy [26] or with OI [27] but no effect has been observed on healthy adults [28]. However more investigations are required to confirm the impact of WBV on

bone mass and to identify the most efficient vibration parameters and the most responsive target population [29], [30], [31], [32] and [33]. Numerous studies have investigated the influence of WBV on bone formation using a large variety of animal models (sheep, rat, mouse) [34], [35], [36] and [37], age (growing, young or old adults) [38], [39] and [40], Bay 11-7085 vibration frequency (from 20 to 90 Hz) [41], [42] and [43], maximum peak acceleration (from 0.1 to 3 g) [43] and [44], treatment duration (from 10 to 30 min) and treatment length (from 2 weeks to 1 year). A significant osteogenic effect was observed in the trabecular bone of both the femoral condyle and tibial metaphysis of adult sheep (1 year treatment, 30 Hz, 0.3 g) [35] and [36]. In adult mice, an osteogenic response to WBV is observed in the tibial metaphysis with a non-dose dependent response to acceleration (5 weeks treatment, 45 Hz, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 g) [44]. An influence of the mouse genotype was observed: the osteogenic response to WBV inversely correlated to the low (C57Bl/6J), medium (BALB/c) or high (C3H) bone density of the mouse strain (2 to 3 weeks treatment, 45 Hz, 0.25 g) [37].