Table 3 Association of the CJIE1 prophage and the CJIE1 prophage carrying ORF 11 with patient symptoms Symptoms CHIR98014 ic50 Patients with symptoms (%) versus total Association of C. jejuni strain characteristics with symptoms: number associated with patient and Adriamycin chemical structure symptom vs total (%)     No CJIE1 (%) CJIE1 only (%) CJIE1 + ORF 11 Diarrhea 214/218 (98.2) 158/162 (97.5) 16/16 (100) 15/15 (100) Abdominal pain 169/204 (83.0) 127/153 (83.0) 9/16 (56.3) 12/15 (80.0) Fever 134/219 (61.2) 107/146 (73.3) 4/16 (25.0) 6/14 (42.9) Malaise 127/199 (63.8) 95/145 (65.5) 9/16 (56.3) 9/14 (64.3) Nausea 113/205 (57.5) 87/151 (57.6) 8/16 (50.0) 9/14 (64.3) Headache 91/201 (45.3) 70/142 (49.3)

7/16 (43.8) 4/11 (36.4) Bloody diarrhea 49/145 (33.7) 33/99 (33.3) 4/15 (26.7) 8/14 (57.1) Vomiting 73/214 (34.1) 56/157 (35.7) 3/16 (18.8) 5/14 (35.7) Duration > 10 days 33/137 (24.1) 35/102 (34.3) 2/10 (20.0) 3/9 (33.3) Hospitalization 15/142 (10.6) 10/125 (6.6) 1/13 (7.7) 2/13 (15.4) Note that there were different response rates for different questions, resulting in different denominators. “Patients with symptoms” refers to the number of patients having the particular symptom compared with the total

number of patients answering the question yes or no on the questionnaire. This column provides data on the overall frequency of symptoms. Isolates for further analysis were not available for all patients answering the comprehensive questionnaire. Data in the section “Association of C. jejuni strain characteristics with symptoms…” contains symptom information why from patients from whom isolates were obtained and were typed. The frequencies Ku-0059436 molecular weight with which each symptom was associated with the presence of absence of the CJIE1 prophage and also the presence within the CJIE prophage of ORF11 have been compared to determine whether either CJIE1 alone or CJIE1 with ORF11 have any significant effect on patient symptoms compared with absence of the prophage. C-EnterNet also recovers bacteria from food, animals, and environmental sources

within the sentinel site. These isolates were used to assess whether there was any association between the presence of the CJIE1 prophage or the CJIE1 prophage + ORF11 and recovery of Campylobacter spp. from particular sources. The data summarized in Table 4 indicate that there was a much higher percentage of C. jejuni isolates without the CJIE1 prophage from water than from chicken breast, humans, and pigs (P = 0.003 for comparison of water with retail chicken breast, P = <0.001 for other comparisons). A higher number of C. jejuni without the CJIE1 prophage was also found in isolates from bovine manure (P = 0.027) compared with isolates from retail chicken breast. The carriage of CJIE1 and CJIE1 + ORF11 was significantly higher in C. coli in isolates from chicken than those from humans (P = 0.003). Other differences were noted but not tested for statistical significance because of the small numbers involved (Table 4).