“
“Evaluation of: Parks QM, Young RL, Poch KR, Malcolm KC, Vasil Ill Nick JA: Neutrophil enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: human F-actin and DNA as targets for therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. 58(4), 492-502 (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis lung occurs in association with an exuberant inflammatory response in a neutrophil-rich environment. The presence of DNA/F-actin bundles,

formed by components released from necrotic neutrophils, was shown to stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Soluble polyvalent anions can sequester polyvalent cations and dissolve DNA/F-actin bundles, and treatment with polyvalent anions was shown to disrupt neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, polyvalent anions could also www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html prevent the formation of neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms. While young neutrophil-induced P. aeruginosa biofilms could be disrupted by treatment with polyvalent anions or DNase, older neutrophil-induced biofilms, or biofilms formed by a mucold P. aeruginosa variant, were less susceptible to treatment with polyvalent Elafibranor concentration anions or DNase but they could be efficiently disrupted by polyvalent anion-DNase combination treatment. The synergistic effect of the combined polyvalent anion-DNase treatment is most likely

due,to the capacity of polyvalent anions to dissociate DNA/F-actin bundles with bacteria and polysaccharides, leading to exposure of a greater number of DNase cleavage sites on the extracellular DNA. It is conceivable that treatment with soluble polyvalent anions as an adjunct to DNase treatment will represent an improvement in cystic fibrosis therapy.”
“P>We followed up 550 primary kidney transplant recipients in an observational retrospective cohort to evaluate the impact of three consecutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention strategies. In period 1 (1996-2000; n = 190), no anti-CMV prophylaxis

was given; in period 2 (2000-2004; n = 173), 6-month Selleckchem SRT2104 valacyclovir was given and in period 3 (> 2004; n = 187), 6-month valganciclovir was given. Cytomegalovirus disease significantly decreased from 33.2% in period 1 to 13.9% in period 2 and to 8.6% in period 3; onset was significantly prolonged with valganciclovir (228 days) compared with valacyclovir (93 days) and with no prophylaxis (33 days). After Cox regression adjustments, both valganciclovir and valacyclovir were similarly protective factors for CMV disease. Cytomegalovirus diseases encountered in both valacyclovir and valganciclovir groups were primary infections (79.2 and 93.8% respectively) as compared with a significant low number (39.7%) in the nonprophylaxis group. Two cases of valganciclovir resistance were recorded in the valganciclovir group and no resistance was seen with valacyclovir.

This case highlights the need for early surgical review and management of oral lesions of uncertain and/or unpredictable nature. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:e51-e53)”
“Background: Cutaneous infections such as impetigo contagiosum (IC), molluscum

contagiosum (MC) and herpes virus infection (HI) appear to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), but there are no reports of concrete epidemiological evidence.

Objective: We evaluated the association of childhood AD with these infections by conducting a population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: Enrolled in this study were 1117 children aged 0-6 years old attending nursery schools in Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Physical examination was performed by dermatologists, and a questionnaire was completed on each child’s history of allergic SYN-117 clinical trial diseases including AD, asthma, allergic rhinitis and egg allergy, and that of skin infections including IC, MC and HI, as well as familial history of AD.

Results:

In 913 children (AD; 132), a history of IC, MC or HI was observed in 45.1%, 19.7%, and 2.5%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of having a history of IC were 1.8 times higher in AD children than in non-AD children. Meanwhile, Duvelisib in vitro a history of MC was significantly correlated to the male gender, but not to a personal history of AD. As for HI, we found no correlated factors in this study.

Conclusions: The lifetime prevalence of this website IC was indeed higher in young children with a history of AD. (C) 2010 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We present a

scheme to measure the thermal conductivity of individual nanowires using temperature-dependent and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy, The CdS nanowires suspended over trenches in silicon substrate were excited with a focused laser beam in confocal configuration. The photoluminescence at the laser spot gave a measure of the local temperature rise determined by the excitation laser intensity and the thermal conductance of the nanowires. By obtaining the temperature gradient across the nanowire and the length of the suspended segment, the thermal conductivity of CdS nanowires with diameters in the range of 200-400 nm was extracted to be in the range of 4.9-6.2 W/m K. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3476469]“
“A 37-year-old man reported to our department with the history of gunshot injury to the mandible 15 years before. His anterior mandible had been resected earlier and bone graft was seen. Intraoral examination of lower jaw revealed 4 remaining mandibular molars. These teeth were severely rotated such that they lay horizontal with respect to the mandibular base.

It is found that the surfactants play multifold Selleck GSK1120212 roles in the process. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3561157]“
“Purpose: To evaluate putative effects on tumour susceptibility in mice exposed to a UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) test signal for up to 24 months, commencing with embryo-fetal exposure.

Material and methods: Animals were exposed to UMTS

fields with intensities of 0, 4.8, and 48 W/m(2), the low-dose group (4.8 W/m(2)) was subjected to additional prenatal ethylnitrosourea treatment (40 mg ENU/kg body weight).

Results: The high-level UMTS exposure (48 W/m(2)), the sham exposure, and the cage control groups showed comparable tumour

incidences in the protocol organs. In contrast, the ENU-treated group UMTS-exposed at 4.8 W/m(2) displayed an enhanced lung tumour rate and an increased incidence of lung carcinomas as compared to the controls treated with ENU only. Furthermore, tumour multiplicity of the lung carcinomas was increased and the number of metastasising lung tumours was doubled in the ENU/UMTS group as compared to the ENU control group.

Conclusion: This pilot study indicates a cocarcinogenic effect of lifelong UMTS exposure (4.8 W/m(2)) in female B6C3F1 descendants subjected to pretreatment with ethylnitrosourea.”
“We report the results of a systematic study on stress tunable absorption of glass-coated amorphous Co68.7Fe4Ni1B13Si11Mo2.3 microwires and their composites. The magnetic microwires possess good stress-impedance properties Selleck URMC-099 and yield a stress dependence of absorption at gigahertz frequencies. The stress compensates the reverse effect of magnetic field on absorption. There exist strong stress dependences of the effective permittivity and transmission parameters. Composite failure due to the wire damage results in a dramatic change of the sign and magnitude of effective permittivity. The double peak is identified in the stress

dependence of field tunability, in contrast to the single peak this website for the magnetic field tunability. All these results indicate that the present composites are very promising for detecting the ambient stress levels and interrogating the structural integrity. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3535553]“
“Purpose: To study whether ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR) dynamics are modified by post-operative radiotherapy (RT).

Methods and materials: The hazard rate for IBTR was analysed in a database from patients undergoing breast conserving surgery with or without post-operative radiotherapy within randomised clinical trials from the Milan Cancer Institute.

Results: The hazard rate for IBTR presents a bimodal pattern. Post-operative radiotherapy, in addition to reducing IBTR incidence from 24.5% to 5.

AdLPCD vector had been evaluated for its efficacy of chemosensitization of ovarian cancer cells to 5-FC. In spite of the fact that ovarian cancer cells, i.e., OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3, are capable for adenoviral transduction judged by LacZ reporter gene analysis, two cell lines demonstrated quite different sensitivities toward AdLPCD/5-FC system. In OVCAR-3 cells, infection of AdLPCD followed by exposure to 5-FC resulted in the suppression of cell growth with statistical significance. On the other hand, SK-OV-3 cells were more resistant to Elacridar concentration the CD/5-FC strategy compared with OVCAR-3 cells under the same condition. The object of study was to investigate factors that would determine

the sensitivity to AdLPCD/5-FC. We evaluated conversion rate of 5-FC to 5-FU after infection of AdLPCD by HPLC analysis, IC(50) HKI-272 molecular weight of 5-FU, the expression level of integrin receptors i.e., alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5, and status of p53 in OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells. The results indicated that OVCAR-3 cells have few favorable features compared with SK-OV-3 cells to be more effective to the AdLPCD/5-FC strategy; higher level of alpha v beta 5 integrin, higher rate of conversion of 5-FC into 5-FC, and lower IC(50) of 5-FU. The results suggest that the replacement of 5-FU with CD/5-FC in combination chemotherapy would be less toxic and much greater cytotoxicity

than the conventional combination chemotherapy in some patients.”
“A systematic analysis on the adsorption of homo-oligomeric, poly(His)-tagged recombinant proteins on a hydroxyapatite-based https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mcc950-sodium-salt.html immobilized metal affinity chromatography adsorbent was performed. Under non-denaturing conditions, the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model was found ideal for predicting the adsorption behavior of the model proteins. The dissociation constants, as low as 10(-9) M, decreased with the number of poly(His) tags, suggesting the presence of multi-point attachment. The maximum adsorption capacities, ranging from 79.1 nmol/g for the 88 kDa epimerase to 42.8 nmol/g for the 320 kDa racemase, were inversely proportional to the

contact surface areas of the proteins. Under denaturing conditions, the Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacities for and the dissociation constants of the three model proteins were essentially identical, as the subunits of the model proteins were of similar dimensions and behaved similarly in the absence of complex tertiary or quaternary structure. Phosphate buffer at a concentration of 500 mM, pH 8.0 was found to be effective for the elution of the model proteins with a recovery yield more than twofold higher than that obtained with 500 mM imidazole. The results suggest the hydroxyapatite-based adsorbent is a promising alternative for large scale applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

“
“Diarrhea in a transplant recipient may be caused by infection, metabolic problems, or adverse drug effects. The immunosuppressive drug BMS-777607 concentration most frequently associated with diarrhea in transplant recipients is mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). We present

the case of a patient with 2 potential explanations for diarrhea lasting several weeks, which occurred years after liver transplantation. Whereas stool samples were positive for cryptosporidia, the histopathological findings were compatible with MMF colitis. However, diarrhea resolved after treatment of cryptosporidial infection, despite continued MMF medication. This case shows that histopathological findings of MMF colitis may be misleading and do not prove that diarrhea is drug induced.”
“Background: The “”drip and ship”" paradigm among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has resulted in expansion of thrombolytic treatment in patients eligible for intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). It remains controversial whether the settings within the emergency medical services (EMS)

transport are adequate for IVrt-PAinfusion. We sought to determine PP2 supplier EMS adherence to guidelines during the transport of drip and ship AIS patients treated with IVrt-PA while being transferred to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) and the effect of nonadherence on outcome upon discharge. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of patients transferred to our CSC was conducted to determine the rates of adherence to quality parameters during EMS transport with infusion of IVrt-PA. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score <= 1 upon discharge. Results: Among the 40 patients studied (55% men; mean age 71.9 +/- 13.9 years),

38 patients received vital sign monitoring at 10- to 20-minute intervals. The mean transit time was 37.7 +/- 20.2 minutes. Of the 39 patients with blood pressure (BP) monitoring, 7 patients had at least 1 episode of BP elevation above the recommended parameters (>180/105 mm Hg); only 1 of those was treated with an antihypertensive agent. Five of the 40 patients were considered to have worsened between the outside ED and CSC ED Adriamycin solubility dmso evaluations without IV rt-PA discontinuation during transfer. The rate of favorable outcome of patients who had interim neurologic deterioration without discontinuation of IV rt-PA or BP >180/105 mm Hg without antihypertensive treatment was similar to those who experienced neither event (41.7% and 35.7%; P = .736). Conclusions: Efforts are required to improve EMS adherence to guidelines in patients receiving IV rt-PA during EMS transport in anticipation of broader use of the “”drip and ship”" paradigm.”
“Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with no known therapies. Clinical, neuropathological, and genetic studies have suggested both overlap and divergence between the pathogenesis of CAA and the biologically related condition of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Participants in a number of recent studies have experienced difficulties with the five-point, two-level response scale. This study aimed to validate the SCNS-SF34 with a simplified four-point response format in a large sample of Australian men with prostate cancer. Methods Three selleck chemicals hundred thirty-two men with prostate cancer commencing external

beam radiotherapy completed the SCNS-SF34 with revised response format, along with measures of psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and quality of life (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Compositeshort form). Exploratory factor and parallel analyses were undertaken to examine the structure of the revised instrument. Reliability analysis was performed, and convergent and divergent validity were examined using a priori predictions. Results As with the original scale, a five-factor solution was indicated. Four of the five factors were identical to those reported in the original SNCS-SF34 validation study. Internal consistency was excellent, exceeding 0.8 for all five domains. Consistent with expectations, correlations between SCNS domains and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale subscales indicated moderate to large convergent relations Ruboxistaurin datasheet (ranging from 0.310.67). Conclusions The SCNS-SF34 with revised response format maintained the same factor structure as the original, with

five domains. This analysis demonstrates that the simplified response scale does not adversely affect the psychometric properties of the instrument. The SCNS-SF34 with revised response format click here is reliable, valid and more acceptable to cancer patients than its predecessor. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) success rates, patient satisfaction, and complications 1 year following surgery.

Baseline and 1-year postsurgery outcomes were abstracted, including Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) scores, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) scores, and patient

satisfaction ratings. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between outcomes and BMI.

Subjects (N = 195) with a mean age of 59.3 +/- 12.6 were included. There was significant improvement within each group (all p values < 0.01) in total UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores from baseline to 1 year postsurgery; all groups had high patient satisfaction. No differences in improvement or complications rates were observed among the BMI cohorts (all p values > 0.05).

Differential counseling of overweight or obese women regarding outcomes of the TVT procedure is not supported by these results; longer follow-up is warranted.”
“We have used the method of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) to characterize magnetic thin film structures consisting of both perpendicular (normal-to-plane) and longitudinal (in-plane) anisotropies.

0; the separation resolution was 2.32, and theoretical plates were greater than 4.5 x 10(4) plates m(-1). (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Compound C J Appl Polym Sci 122: 2167-2173, 2011″
“A novel transmembrane pH gradient active loading method to prepare alkaloids binary ethosomes was developed in this work. Using this novel method, binary ethosomes containing total alkaloids extracted from Sophora alopecuroides (TASA) were prepared successfully at the temperature below the phase transition temperature (Tc)

of the phosphatidyl choline (PC). Several factors affecting this method were investigated. The qualities of the TASA binary ethosomes were characterized by the shape, particle size, and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The percutaneous absorption study of TASA binary ethosomes was performed

using confocal laser scanning microscopy and Franz diffusion cells. The results showed that more than 90% sophoridine, SB203580 nmr 47% matrine, 35% sophocarpine, and 32% lemannine in TASA were entrapped within 1 h at 40 degrees C, with an efficiency improvement of 8.87, 8.10, 7.63, and 7.78-fold than those observed in passive loading method. Transdermal experiments showed that the penetration depth and fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B from binary ethosome prepared by pH gradient active loading method were much greater than that from binary ethosome prepared by passive loading method or hydroalcoholic solution. These results suggested transmembrane pH gradient active loading method may be an effective method to prepare alkaloids ethosomal systems selleck products at the temperatures below the Tc of PC.”
“The objective of the present study was to develop a colon targeted system of meloxicam for potential application in the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer. Efficacy of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors has been proven in colorectal cancer. Meloxicam is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with pH-dependent solubility. To achieve pH-independent drug release

of meloxicam, pH modifying agents (buffering agents) were used. Meloxicam tablets containing polyethylene oxide were dually coated with ethyl cellulose containing hydrophilic material, polyethylene glycol as an inner coating layer and methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid copolymer (Eudragit (R) FS 30D) as outer coating layer for colon targeting. Optimized tablet formulations demonstrated good potential to deliver the drug to the colon by successfully exhibiting a lag time of 5 h during in vitro drug release study. An in vivo evaluation study conducted to ascertain pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits revealed that the onset of drug absorption from the coated tablets (T(lag time) = 4.67 +/- 0.58 h) was significantly delayed compared to that from the uncoated tablets. The AUC(0) (> t) and AUC(0) (>infinity) for coated tablets were lower than of uncoated tablets, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.01).

98), usability (72.28 +/- 16.67, 72.28 +/- 26.61; P=.08), and reliability (46.17 +/- 28.69, 56.38 +/- 16.17; P=.06) and the total score (70.22 +/- 16.85, 72.15 MK-2206 +/- 14.93; P=.52), yielded an evaluation of “”moderate”".

Conclusions: The Internet information on aortic aneurysms and its endovascular treatment with aortic endoprostheses was deficient with regard to accessibility, usability, and reliability, and had the added difficultly of complicated readability. Our results suggest that readability indexes should be incorporated in the creation and improvement of Web sites providing medical information related to cardiovascular disease. Full English

text available from: www.revespcardiol.org (C) 2010 Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“The root of Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional folk medicine that has been used for many therapeutic purposes in Asia. It reportedly acts as an immunostimulant, tonic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antidiabetic, analgesic, expectorant, sedative, and anticancer drug. In this MK-4827 cell line study, metabolomic profiling was applied to the roots of A. membranaceus

of different ages using NMR coupled with two multivariate statistical analysis methods: such as principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). This allowed various metabolites to be assigned in NMR spectra, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, N-acetyl aspartic acid, acetic U0126 concentration acid, arginine, alanine, threonine, lactic acid, and valine. The score plot from PCA and also CDA allowed a clear separation between samples according to age.”
“Human niche construction encompasses both purely biological phenomena, such as the evolution of lactose tolerance, and dual inheritance theory, which investigates the transmission of cultural information.

But does niche construction help to explain phenomena in which conscious intention also plays a role? The creation of the engineered landscape of Balinese rice terraces offers a test case. Population genetic analysis and archaeological evidence are used to investigate whether this phenomenon emerged historically from trial and error by generations of farmers, or alternatively was designed by Bali’s rulers. In light of strong support for the former hypothesis, two models are developed to explore the emergence of functional structure at both local and global scales. As time goes forward and selected patterns of irrigation schedules are implemented, local variation in rice harvests influences future decisions by the farmers, creating a coupled human-natural system governed by feedback from the environment. This mathematical analysis received a measure of empirical support when government agricultural policies severed the local feedback channels, resulting in the almost instantaneous collapse of rice harvests.

4%. Among these nine nonsurvivors, eight had shown persistent preoperative shock (P = 0.0004 vs. survivors). Compared with the survivors, nonsurvivors were significantly older (P = 0.0052) and had lower preoperative levels of Hb/Ht (P < 0.0001), Plts (P = 0.0003), and BE (P < 0.0001), an elevated lactate level (P = 0.0048), shorter interval from admission (P = 0.0459) or arrival in the operating room (P NU7441 mouse = 0.0288)

until aortic clamping, and intraoperatively more hemorrhage (P = 0.0038) associated with larger amounts of blood transfusion (P = 0.0083) and less urine output (P = 0.0004).

Conclusions The authors clarified that certain features such as age, persistent preoperative shock, and greater amounts of transfusion associated with greater blood loss and anemia were factors affecting the mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgery for AAAs. It might be of great importance to correct preoperative shock and anemia caused by massive bleeding before the onset of hemodynamic deterioration.”
“A general approach to the first-order analysis of error in rigid point registration is presented that accommodates fiducial localization error (FLE) that may be inhomogeneous (varying from point to point) and anisotropic (varying with direction) and also accommodates arbitrary weighting that may also be inhomogeneous and anisotropic. Covariances are derived for target registration error

(TRE) and for weighted fiducial registration error (FRE) in terms of covariances of FLE, culminating in a simple implementation that encompasses all combinations of selleck chemicals llc weightings and anisotropy. Furthermore, it selleck compound is shown that for ideal weighting, in which the weighting matrix for each fiducial equals the inverse of the square root of the cross covariance of its two-space FLE, fluctuations

of FRE and TRE are mutually independent. These results are validated by comparison with previously published expressions and by simulation. Furthermore, simulations for randomly generated fiducial positions and FLEs are presented that show that correlation is negligible correlation coefficient < 0.1) in the exact case for both ideal and uniform weighting (i.e., no weighting), the latter of which is employed in commercial surgical guidance systems. From these results we conclude that for these weighting schemes, while valid expressions exist relating the covariance of FRE to the covariance of TRE, there are no measures of the goodness of fit of the fiducials for a given registration that give to first order any information about the fluctuation of TRE from its expected value and none that give useful information in the exact case. Therefore, as estimators of registration accuracy, such measures should be approached with extreme caution both by the purveyors of guidance systems and by the practitioners who use them.

A predictive parameter for spinal cord floating in postoperative MRI was the C5/6 beak angle in preoperative MRI (cut- off value = 21 degrees). The preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association score ARS-1620 chemical structure and spinal cord floating at anterior elements of the cervical spine in intraoperative US were predictive parameters for clinical outcome.

Conclusion. Intraoperative

US was more useful than postoperative MRI for predicting the clinical outcome of cervical expansive laminoplasty. Knowledge of the predictive parameters for spinal cord floating after cervical expansive laminoplasty could help evaluate the limitations of posterior decompression.”
“(PACE 2009; e1-e3).”
“Aim: To detect the effect of capsicum plasters on

bilateral HT 7 acupoints for decreasing Emergence agitation (EA) in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.

Background: Emergence agitation with its incidence of 10% to 80% may have deleterious effects in postoperative period. Children may harm themselves and/or care providers who require extra nursing care and additional sedatives and/or analgesics that may cause a delay in discharge from hospital. The studies dealt Selleckchem ERK inhibitor with the potential benefits of the use of adjuvant drugs have yielded controversial results. Some may have side effects as well as the absence of a positive effect on EA.

Methods/Materials: Fifty patients undergoing elective adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy who aged between 2 and 10 were included to the study. Patients were divided into two groups, and capsicum plasters (acupuncture) or inactive plasters (sham) were applied on bilateral HT 7 points preoperatively. Pain, emergence agitation, and side effects were evaluated for 15 min postoperatively.

Results: Incidence of EA (PAED scale) (28.0% vs 60.0) GSI-IX solubility dmso and postoperative side effects was lower in acupuncture group than in sham group while there was no significant difference in the severity of EA between groups. Duration

of recovery was shorter in acupuncture group. Pain scores (CHEOPS scale) were comparable between groups. EA patients were noted to have greater age and more retching than non-EA patients. Postoperative side effects such as retching, laryngospasm, and vomiting were seen more frequently in the patients with EA.

Conclusions: Application of capsicum plasters on acupoints offers a valuable choice in the prevention of EA in children.”
“Study Design. A retrospective radiographic study.

Objective. To elucidate the kinematic relationships of the upper cervical spine. Summary of Background Data. To our knowledge, few reports have described the kinematic relationships of the upper cervical spine in patients with general age-related cervical spondylosis.

Methods.